The morning of 14 march 2018 brought a very sad news for the whole world. We lost a priceless person, and motivational personality for the whole people live in this world. He checkmated his disability, and set out the theory of cosmology.
Stephen born on 8 January 1942 in Oxford. His father name was Frank (1905-1986) who worked as medical researcher after reading the medicine from University of Oxford. In 1950 Frank become the head of the division of Parasitology at the National Institute for Medical Research. Stephen's mother name was Isobel Hawking (1915-2013). She read Economics, Philosophy and politics from the University of Oxford, and worked as secretary at Medical Research Institute. Stephen had two younger sisters, Philippa and Mary, and a adopted brother, Edward
Stephen start his schooling at the Byron House School, in Highgate, London. Later at the age of 8 years he joined the girls school, St Albans High School for Girls for few months. Stephen attended Radlett School, an independent school in the village of Radlett in Hertfordshire, for a year. After Stephen passed the eleven-plus a year early. The family placed a high value on education. Stephen's father wanted his son to attend the well-regarded Westminster School, but the 13-year-old Stephen was ill on the day of the scholarship examination. His family could not afford the school fees without the financial aid of a scholarship, so Stephen remained at St Albans, an independent school in the city of St Albans in Hertfordshire. Although known at school as "Einstein", Stephen was not initially successful academically. With time, he began to show considerable aptitude for scientific subjects and, decided to read mathematics at university. Stephen's father advised him to study medicine. He also wanted his son to attend University College, Oxford. As it was not possible to read mathematics there at the time, Stephen decided to study physics and chemistry. Despite his headmaster's advice to wait until the next year, Stephen was awarded a scholarship after taking the examinations in March 1959 at the age of 17.Stephen estimated that he studied about a thousand hours during his three years at Oxford. These unimpressive study habits made sitting his finals a challenge, and he decided to answer only theoretical physics questions rather than those requiring factual knowledge. A first-class honours degree was a condition of acceptance for his planned graduate study in cosmology at the University of Cambridge. Anxious, he slept poorly the night before the examinations, and the final result was on the borderline between first- and second-class honours, making a viva (oral examination) necessary. Stephen was concerned that he was viewed as a lazy and difficult student. So, when asked at the oral to describe his future plans, he said, "If you award me a First, I will go to Cambridge. If I receive a Second, I shall stay in Oxford, so I expect you will give me a First. He was held in higher regard than he believed; as Berman commented, the examiners "were intelligent enough to realise they were talking to someone far cleverer than most of themselves. After receiving a first-class BA (Hons).He started his graduate work at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, in October 1962.
Stephen's first year as a doctoral student was difficult. He was initially disappointed to find that he had been assigned Dennis William Sciama, one of the founders of modern cosmology, as a supervisor rather than noted astronomer Fred Hoyle, and he found his training in mathematics inadequate for work in general relativity and cosmology. After being diagnosed with motor neurone disease, Stephen fell into a depression – though his doctors advised that he continue with his studies, he felt there was little point. His disease progressed more slowly than doctors had predicted. Although Stephen had difficulty walking unsupported, and his speech was almost unintelligible, an initial diagnosis that he had only two years to live proved unfounded. With Sciama's encouragement, he returned to his work. Stephen started developing a reputation for brilliance and brashness when he publically challenged the work of Fred Hoyle and his student Jayant Narlikar at a lecture in June 1964.
When Stephen began his graduate studies, there was much debate in the physics community about the prevailing theories of the creation of the universe: the Big Bang and Steady State theories. Inspired by Roger Penrose's theorem of a spacetime singularity in the centre of black holes. Stephen applied the same thinking to the entire universe; and during 1965 he wrote his thesis. Stephen's thesis was approved in 1966. There were other positive developments: Stephen received a research fellowship at Gonville and Caius College; he obtained his PhD degree in applied mathematics and theoretical physics, specialising in general relativity and cosmology, and his essay titled "Singularities and the Geometry of Space-Time" shared top honours with one by Penrose to win that year's prestigious Adams Prize.
Stephen engaged with Jane Wilde in October 1964, and the couple married on 14th July 1965. Their son Robert was born in May 1967, daughter Lucy was born in 1970 and third child was born in 1979. Later he divorced the Jane and married with Mason in September 1995.
Stephen returned to Cambridge in 1975 to a more academically senior post, as reader in gravitational physics. In 1975, he was awarded both the Eddington Medal and the Pius XI Gold Medal, and in 1976 the Dannie Heineman Prize, the Maxwell Prize and the Hughes Medal. He was appointed a professor with a chair in gravitational physics in 1977. The following year he received the Albert Einstein Medal and an honorary doctorate from the University of Oxford. In 1981 he proposed that information in a black hole is irretrievably lost when a black hole evaporates. This information paradox violates the fundamental tenet of quantum mechanics, and led to years of debate, including "the Black Hole War" with Leonard Susskind and Gerard.In 1993 Stephen co-edited a book on Euclidean quantum gravity with Gary Gibbons and published a collected edition of his own articles on black holes and the Big Bang. In 1994, at Cambridge's Newton Institute, Stephen and Penrose delivered a series of six lectures that were published in 1996 as "The Nature of Space and Time".
In 2007, Stephen and his daughter Lucy published George's Secret Key to the Universe, a children's book designed to explain theoretical physics in an accessible fashion and featuring characters similar to those in the Stephen family. The book was followed by sequels in 2009, 2011 and 2014.
Stephen died in his home in Cambridge, England, early in the morning of 14 March 2018
Stephen start his schooling at the Byron House School, in Highgate, London. Later at the age of 8 years he joined the girls school, St Albans High School for Girls for few months. Stephen attended Radlett School, an independent school in the village of Radlett in Hertfordshire, for a year. After Stephen passed the eleven-plus a year early. The family placed a high value on education. Stephen's father wanted his son to attend the well-regarded Westminster School, but the 13-year-old Stephen was ill on the day of the scholarship examination. His family could not afford the school fees without the financial aid of a scholarship, so Stephen remained at St Albans, an independent school in the city of St Albans in Hertfordshire. Although known at school as "Einstein", Stephen was not initially successful academically. With time, he began to show considerable aptitude for scientific subjects and, decided to read mathematics at university. Stephen's father advised him to study medicine. He also wanted his son to attend University College, Oxford. As it was not possible to read mathematics there at the time, Stephen decided to study physics and chemistry. Despite his headmaster's advice to wait until the next year, Stephen was awarded a scholarship after taking the examinations in March 1959 at the age of 17.Stephen estimated that he studied about a thousand hours during his three years at Oxford. These unimpressive study habits made sitting his finals a challenge, and he decided to answer only theoretical physics questions rather than those requiring factual knowledge. A first-class honours degree was a condition of acceptance for his planned graduate study in cosmology at the University of Cambridge. Anxious, he slept poorly the night before the examinations, and the final result was on the borderline between first- and second-class honours, making a viva (oral examination) necessary. Stephen was concerned that he was viewed as a lazy and difficult student. So, when asked at the oral to describe his future plans, he said, "If you award me a First, I will go to Cambridge. If I receive a Second, I shall stay in Oxford, so I expect you will give me a First. He was held in higher regard than he believed; as Berman commented, the examiners "were intelligent enough to realise they were talking to someone far cleverer than most of themselves. After receiving a first-class BA (Hons).He started his graduate work at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, in October 1962.
Stephen's first year as a doctoral student was difficult. He was initially disappointed to find that he had been assigned Dennis William Sciama, one of the founders of modern cosmology, as a supervisor rather than noted astronomer Fred Hoyle, and he found his training in mathematics inadequate for work in general relativity and cosmology. After being diagnosed with motor neurone disease, Stephen fell into a depression – though his doctors advised that he continue with his studies, he felt there was little point. His disease progressed more slowly than doctors had predicted. Although Stephen had difficulty walking unsupported, and his speech was almost unintelligible, an initial diagnosis that he had only two years to live proved unfounded. With Sciama's encouragement, he returned to his work. Stephen started developing a reputation for brilliance and brashness when he publically challenged the work of Fred Hoyle and his student Jayant Narlikar at a lecture in June 1964.
When Stephen began his graduate studies, there was much debate in the physics community about the prevailing theories of the creation of the universe: the Big Bang and Steady State theories. Inspired by Roger Penrose's theorem of a spacetime singularity in the centre of black holes. Stephen applied the same thinking to the entire universe; and during 1965 he wrote his thesis. Stephen's thesis was approved in 1966. There were other positive developments: Stephen received a research fellowship at Gonville and Caius College; he obtained his PhD degree in applied mathematics and theoretical physics, specialising in general relativity and cosmology, and his essay titled "Singularities and the Geometry of Space-Time" shared top honours with one by Penrose to win that year's prestigious Adams Prize.
Stephen returned to Cambridge in 1975 to a more academically senior post, as reader in gravitational physics. In 1975, he was awarded both the Eddington Medal and the Pius XI Gold Medal, and in 1976 the Dannie Heineman Prize, the Maxwell Prize and the Hughes Medal. He was appointed a professor with a chair in gravitational physics in 1977. The following year he received the Albert Einstein Medal and an honorary doctorate from the University of Oxford. In 1981 he proposed that information in a black hole is irretrievably lost when a black hole evaporates. This information paradox violates the fundamental tenet of quantum mechanics, and led to years of debate, including "the Black Hole War" with Leonard Susskind and Gerard.In 1993 Stephen co-edited a book on Euclidean quantum gravity with Gary Gibbons and published a collected edition of his own articles on black holes and the Big Bang. In 1994, at Cambridge's Newton Institute, Stephen and Penrose delivered a series of six lectures that were published in 1996 as "The Nature of Space and Time".
In 2007, Stephen and his daughter Lucy published George's Secret Key to the Universe, a children's book designed to explain theoretical physics in an accessible fashion and featuring characters similar to those in the Stephen family. The book was followed by sequels in 2009, 2011 and 2014.
Stephen died in his home in Cambridge, England, early in the morning of 14 March 2018
No comments:
Post a Comment
Thanks for comment. We will contact you soon.